Translation guide
The English word 'lustre' refers to a gentle shine or soft glow, often on a surface. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through various words that distinguish between types of shine, such as glossy surfaces, metallic sheen, or the luster of pearls and silk. The most common and versatile word is 光沢 (こうたく), but other terms like 艶 (つや) and 輝き (かがやき) are used depending on the context.
To describe a soft, glowing shine on objects like polished wood, ceramics, or fabric.
The most common and general word for 'lustre' or 'sheen'. It refers to a smooth, reflective shine on surfaces. Suitable for a wide range of contexts, from furniture to hair.
このテーブルは美しい光沢がある。
This table has a beautiful lustre.
髪の光沢が失われた。
The lustre of my hair has faded.
Often used for a healthy, moist-looking shine, especially on hair, skin, or lips. It implies a rich, deep lustre rather than a bright glare.
彼女の髪は艶がある。
Her hair has a beautiful lustre.
この口紅は艶が出る。
This lipstick gives a lustrous finish.
Means 'radiance' or 'brilliance'. It can be used for a bright, sparkling lustre, like that of jewels or stars. More intense than 光沢.
真珠の輝きは格別だ。
The lustre of pearls is exceptional.
To describe a shiny, reflective surface like metal, lacquer, or polished stone.
Again, 光沢 is the go-to word for metallic lustre. It works for anything with a smooth, reflective surface.
金属の光沢が美しい。
The metallic lustre is beautiful.
Refers to an oily or greasy shine, often on skin or surfaces. Can be negative if unintended, but also used for a glossy finish in makeup or photography.
Simply means 'light' or 'shine'. Can be used poetically for lustre, but is less specific than 光沢.
刀の光りが闇を裂いた。
The lustre of the sword cut through the darkness.
To describe the unique, soft, iridescent shine of pearls, silk, or similar materials.
Literally 'pearl lustre'. This is the specific term for the iridescent, pearly sheen. Used in contexts like makeup, paint, or describing pearls themselves.
このネイルは真珠光沢がある。
This nail polish has a pearly lustre.
Literally 'silk lustre'. A technical term for the soft sheen of silk fabric.
この布地は絹光沢が特徴です。
This fabric is characterized by its silky lustre.
To express the figurative sense of 'lustre' as brilliance, glory, or attractiveness that makes something stand out.
Used figuratively for the brilliance or glory of a person, achievement, or era. It conveys a sense of shining excellence.
彼の業績は今も輝きを失っていない。
His achievements have not lost their lustre.
Means 'brilliance' or 'radiance', often used in literary contexts to describe a dazzling lustre or glory.
Means 'glory'. It can be used when 'lustre' implies great honor or renown, but it's a stronger word.
光沢 (こうたく) is the most general term for a smooth, reflective shine. 艶 (つや) implies a deep, moist, healthy-looking lustre, often on organic surfaces like hair or skin. 輝き (かがやき) suggests a brighter, more radiant shine, like that of stars or jewels. Use 光沢 for objects, 艶 for living things, and 輝き for intense brilliance.
The katakana word ラスター (rasutā) is a technical term in computer graphics for a raster image, not for physical shine. Do not use it to mean 'lustre'.
I'm bothered by the shine on my forehead.
彼女の美貌はパーティーで光彩を放った。
Her beauty added lustre to the party.
その勝利はチームに栄光をもたらした。
The victory added lustre to the team's reputation.