Translation guide
The English adverb 'profusely' describes an action done in great abundance, to an overflowing degree, or with lavish intensity. It often collocates with verbs like sweat, bleed, thank, apologize, and bloom. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; instead, various adverbs and expressions convey the idea of 'copiously', 'excessively', 'heavily', or 'repeatedly and earnestly', depending on the context.
Express that something is produced or flows in large amounts, often to an excessive or overflowing degree.
A general adverb meaning 'in large quantities' or 'copiously'. Suitable for physical substances like sweat, blood, or tears.
彼は大量に汗をかいていた。
He was sweating profusely.
Blood flowed profusely from the wound.
An onomatopoeic adverb describing a sudden gush or burst, often used for sweat, tears, or laughter coming out all at once.
緊張でどっと汗が出た。
I broke out in a profuse sweat from nervousness.
An onomatopoeic adverb meaning 'dripping' or 'streaming', often used for sweat or blood flowing continuously and profusely.
暑くて汗がだらだら流れた。
It was so hot that sweat was pouring profusely.
A verb meaning 'to bloom profusely' or 'to bloom in riotous profusion', specifically for flowers.
庭に花が咲き乱れている。
Flowers are blooming profusely in the garden.
Express that an action is done repeatedly, earnestly, or to an exaggerated degree, often in social interactions.
An adverb meaning 'repeatedly', 'incessantly', or 'eagerly'. It conveys doing something over and over with earnestness, fitting for thanking or apologizing profusely.
彼はしきりに謝っていた。
He was apologizing profusely.
彼女はしきりにお礼を言った。
She thanked him profusely.
Literally 'many times', this phrase emphasizes repetition, often used when someone thanks or apologizes over and over.
彼は何度も謝った。
He apologized profusely (many times).
Means 'to the point of being excessive/verbose'. It implies doing something so much it becomes almost annoying, fitting for profuse apologies or thanks.
くどいほど謝られた。
I was apologized to profusely (almost excessively).
An adverb meaning 'indiscriminately' or 'excessively', often with a negative nuance of doing something too much without restraint.
彼はやたらに褒めた。
He praised profusely (indiscriminately).
Specifically describe bleeding in large amounts, often in medical or injury contexts.
A common phrase meaning 'bleeding is severe/profuse'. It directly describes the condition.
出血がひどいので、すぐに病院に行った。
Because I was bleeding profusely, I went to the hospital immediately.
A noun meaning 'massive bleeding' or 'profuse hemorrhage', often used in medical contexts.
事故で大量出血した。
He suffered profuse bleeding in the accident.
English 'profusely' covers both physical abundance (sweat, blood) and social repetition (thanking, apologizing). Japanese uses different adverbs for each nuance. Avoid trying to translate 'profusely' with one word in all contexts.
Both can translate 'profusely' for repeated actions. しきりに emphasizes the eagerness or incessant nature, while 何度も simply counts the repetitions. Use しきりに when the emotional intensity matters.