Translation guide
Expresses that something happens regardless of the person's willingness. In Japanese, this is often conveyed through set phrases or conditional structures that imply 'whether one likes it or not' or 'no matter what one feels.'
To say that something will happen or must be done regardless of personal preference.
A formal, emphatic phrase meaning 'whether one likes it or not.' Often used in written or formal speech.
好むと好まざるとにかかわらず、規則には従わなければならない。
Whether you like it or not, you must follow the rules.
To describe doing something regardless of one's own willingness, often with a nuance of resignation.
好むと好まざるとにかかわらず focuses on personal preference, while 否応なしに emphasizes the lack of choice or external compulsion. 否応なしに is often used when someone is forced into a situation.
好むと好まざるとにかかわらず、変化は避けられない。
Whether you like it or not, change is inevitable.
彼は否応なしに戦場へ送られた。
He was sent to the battlefield, whether he wanted to or not.
Avoid directly translating 'whether willing or not' word-for-word. Phrases like 意志があるかどうかにかかわらず are unnatural. Use the set expressions provided.
Literally 'without yes or no,' meaning 'whether one wants to or not' or 'forcibly.' Implies no choice is given.
彼は否応なしにその仕事を引き受けさせられた。
He was forced to take on the job, whether he wanted to or not.
Means 'regardless of likes and dislikes.' Slightly less formal than 好むと好まざるとにかかわらず.
好き嫌いにかかわらず、野菜を食べなさい。
Eat your vegetables, whether you like them or not.
A grammar pattern meaning 'whether one does or doesn't.' Used with verbs. The same verb appears in volitional form and negative stem + まい.
彼が来ようが来まいが、会議は予定通り行う。
Whether he comes or not, the meeting will proceed as scheduled.
A casual pattern meaning 'whether or not.' Used with verbs/adjectives in て-form and negative て-form.
雨が降っても降らなくても、試合はある。
Whether it rains or not, the game is on.
Means 'reluctantly' or 'unwillingly.' Used when someone does something despite not wanting to.
彼はいやいやながら宿題を始めた。
He started his homework, whether willing or not.