Translation guide
The system of racial segregation and discrimination formerly practiced in South Africa. In Japanese, the term is usually borrowed directly as アパルトヘイト, but historical and descriptive phrases also exist.
Referring to the official policy of racial segregation in South Africa (1948–1994).
Using 'apartheid' to describe any system of severe segregation or discrimination.
アパルトヘイト is a well-known loanword in Japanese and can be used in both historical and metaphorical contexts. For clarity, especially in formal writing, you may add 政策 (policy) or specify the type (e.g., 経済的アパルトヘイト).
The standard borrowed term, widely understood in Japanese.
In South Africa, apartheid continued until 1994.
Literally 'racial segregation policy'. Used in historical or formal contexts.
The racial segregation policy was internationally condemned.
Combines the borrowed word with 'policy' for clarity.
The apartheid policy was based on racial discrimination.
The borrowed term is also used metaphorically, often with a modifier.
This situation is economic apartheid.
A more general term for 'segregation policy', not limited to South Africa.
In that country, segregation policies against minorities are an issue.