Translation guide
The English word 'as' has many grammatical roles. This guide covers the most common uses for learners: comparisons, roles/functions, simultaneous actions, reasons, and set phrases. Japanese does not have a single word that covers all uses of 'as', so you must choose the right pattern based on the meaning.
Expressing that two things are equal in some quality.
Use this pattern to say 'A is as C as B'. C is an adjective or adverb.
He is as tall as me.
Used in negative sentences to mean 'A is not as C as B'. In positive sentences, it can mean 'A is as C as B', but 同じくらい is more common for positive equality.
Today is not as hot as yesterday.
For nouns, use 同じ to say 'A is the same as B'.
This car is the same as that car.
Indicating the role, capacity, or function of someone or something.
Describing two actions happening at the same time, or one action happening while another is in progress.
Attach to the stem of a verb to mean 'while doing'. The subject must be the same for both actions.
I studied as I listened to music.
Means 'while' or 'during the time when'. Often used when the first action provides an opportunity for the second.
Means 'at the same time as'. More formal or written.
Giving a reason or cause, often in formal or written contexts.
Describing the way something is done or happens.
Means 'in the way that' or 'like'. Used after verbs and adjectives.
Do as I say.
Means 'exactly as' or 'in accordance with'. Often used with nouns like 指示 (instructions) or 予定 (plan).
I assembled it as per the instructions.
Common expressions where 'as' is part of a fixed phrase.
In Japanese, use できるだけ早く.
Please reply as soon as possible.
Commonly translated as いつもどおり or 相変わらず.
He was late as usual.
Use the topic marker は to mean 'as for' or 'speaking of'.
As for me, I disagree with that opinion.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all uses of 'as'. Always identify the meaning first (comparison, role, reason, etc.) and use the appropriate pattern. Direct translation often leads to unnatural Japanese.
ので is softer and more objective, often used for explanations. から is more subjective and can sound like an excuse. In formal writing, ため is common.
I made this as a token of gratitude.
I want to travel while I'm young.
The meeting started as he entered.
As a result of an accident, the train is delayed.