Translation guide
A phrase used to set a minimum expectation, often implying that even if nothing else happens, this one thing should be true. It can also introduce the least favorable outcome in a situation.
The speaker wants to emphasize that something is the absolute minimum that should happen or be true, often with a sense of 'if nothing else'.
The speaker is presenting the worst-case scenario or the minimum negative result that can be expected.
Literally 'even if bad', used to say 'at worst' or 'at the very least' when describing a negative outcome.
悪くても警告で済むだろう。
At the very least, you'll probably just get a warning.
せめて is more emotional and subjective, often used in personal wishes or complaints. 少なくとも is more objective and factual, suitable for stating minimum quantities or conditions.
せめて謝ってほしい。
I want you to at least apologize.
少なくとも100人は来るでしょう。
At least 100 people will come.
I want to go to Japan at least once.
せめて返事くらいしてほしい。
I wish you would at least reply.
Literally 'even if little', this is a more formal or written way to say 'at least'. It can be used for both minimum quantity and minimum expectation.
少なくとも週に3回は運動しています。
I exercise at least three times a week.
Attached to a noun or minimal action, meaning 'even just (this much)'. Emphasizes that even a small amount would be enough.
水だけでも飲んでください。
At least drink some water.
Means 'at the minimum' or 'at least', often used when stating a minimum requirement or worst-case scenario.
最低でも1時間はかかる。
It will take at least an hour.