Translation guide
Expresses that something is founded on, derived from, or grounded in a particular source, idea, or fact. Japanese uses several patterns depending on whether the basis is a concrete source, an abstract principle, or a condition.
To say that something is built upon or originates from a source, idea, or fact.
The most common and versatile pattern. Used for rules, data, facts, plans, etc. The noun before に基づいて is the basis.
この映画は実話に基づいています。
This movie is based on a true story.
Please make a decision based on the data.
Often used when something is created or developed using a source as material or inspiration. Slightly more concrete than に基づいて.
この小説は作者の経験をもとに書かれました。
This novel was written based on the author's experiences.
実際の事件をもとにしたドラマです。
It's a drama based on an actual incident.
Used to indicate that something is determined by or depends on a certain factor. Often used for conditions, circumstances, or sources.
料金は時間によって変わります。
The fee varies based on the time.
天気による影響を考えてください。
Please consider the impact based on the weather.
To express that something changes or is decided depending on a situation.
Emphasizes that the outcome depends entirely on the noun. Often used for things like effort, weather, or decisions.
成功は努力次第です。
Success depends on your effort. (Success is based on effort.)
明日の試合は天気次第で中止になるかもしれません。
Tomorrow's game may be canceled depending on the weather.
Similar to 次第, but more neutral and widely used. Can also mean 'depending on' or 'based on'.
人によって考え方が違います。
Opinions differ based on the person.
場合によってはキャンセルも可能です。
Depending on the situation, cancellation is also possible.
To cite a source or state that something is according to a rule, law, or document.
Used to report information based on a source like a news report, survey, or person. Common in news and formal speech.
天気予報によると、明日は雨だそうです。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
専門家によれば、この治療法は効果的だ。
According to experts, this treatment is effective.
Formal written form of に基づいて. Often used in official documents or news.
法律に基づき、罰金が科せられます。
Based on the law, a fine will be imposed.
To say that an organization or person is located or headquartered somewhere.
Used for companies, teams, or groups that have a base of operations in a place.
その会社は東京に拠点を置いています。
The company is based in Tokyo.
More formal, often used for sports teams or headquarters.
そのチームは大阪を本拠地としています。
The team is based in Osaka.
に基づいて is more formal and used for rules, data, or objective facts. をもとに is more concrete and often used for creative works or things made from a source material. For example, a movie based on a novel uses をもとに, while a decision based on data uses に基づいて.
データに基づいて分析する。
Analyze based on data.
小説をもとに映画を作る。
Make a movie based on a novel.
Do not directly translate 'be based on' as ベースにされている or similar. Use the patterns above. Also, 'based on' in the sense of 'depending on' is often better expressed with 次第 or によって rather than に基づいて.