Translation guide
The English word "benign" has two main uses: describing a non-cancerous medical condition, and describing a kind, gentle, or harmless person or thing. These meanings are expressed differently in Japanese.
To describe a tumor, growth, or condition that is not malignant or harmful to health.
The standard medical term for 'benign', used for tumors, growths, or conditions. Often used in the phrase 良性の腫瘍 (benign tumor).
To describe a person, action, or influence that is kind, gentle, not harmful, or favorable.
Describes a person's gentle, mild temperament or a climate that is mild. For people, it implies a calm and kind nature.
The Japanese word 良性 (りょうせい) is only used in medical contexts. Do not use it to describe a kind person. For people, use 温和 (おんわ) or 優しい (やさしい).
検査の結果、腫瘍は良性でした。
The test results showed the tumor was benign.
Literally 'not malignant'. A more explanatory way to say 'benign', often used in conversation to be clear.
そのできものは悪性ではないそうです。
I heard that lump is not malignant (benign).
彼は温和な性格の持ち主だ。
He has a benign (gentle) personality.
Common word for 'kind', 'gentle', or 'tender'. Can be used for people or actions. More everyday than 温和.
彼女はいつも優しい微笑みを浮かべている。
She always has a benign (gentle) smile.
Means 'harmless'. Used for things, substances, or influences that are not dangerous or damaging.
この化学物質は無害です。
This chemical substance is benign (harmless).
Means 'benevolent' or 'merciful'. Used for a ruler, god, or person in authority who is kind and forgiving. More literary or formal.
王は慈悲深い統治者として知られていた。
The king was known as a benign (benevolent) ruler.