Translation guide
A Buddhist monk, specifically in the Theravada tradition. The term is Pali, and the most common Japanese equivalent is 比丘 (biku).
Referring to a fully ordained male monastic in Buddhism, especially Theravada.
In Japanese, 僧 (そう) is a general term for Buddhist monks across traditions. Use 比丘 (びく) specifically when referring to Theravada bhikkhus or when translating Pali texts.
He became a bhikkhu in Thailand.
A more general term for a Buddhist monk, not specific to Theravada. Can be used when the tradition is clear from context.
That monk goes on alms rounds every morning.
Emphasizes the aspect of training or ascetic practice. Can be used for a bhikkhu in training.
The bhikkhus were meditating in the forest.
Katakana rendering of 'bhikkhu', used in some modern or academic contexts, but less common than 比丘.
This book explains the precepts of a bhikkhu in detail.