Translation guide
The act of surrendering or giving in, often after negotiation or under pressure. In Japanese, the expression depends on the context: military surrender, giving in to demands, or admitting defeat.
Formal surrender of armed forces or territory, typically in a war context.
The standard term for military surrender. Used in historical and formal contexts.
Yielding to pressure, demands, or arguments, often in a non-military context like negotiations or personal conflicts.
Literally 'to bend/break', but idiomatically means to give in or compromise. Common in everyday speech.
Acknowledging loss or failure, often in a competitive or argumentative context.
To admit defeat. Natural in sports, games, or debates.
The English word 'capitulation' is often translated as 降伏, but this is primarily military. In everyday contexts, use more natural expressions like 折れる or 負けを認める.
日本は1945年に降伏した。
Japan capitulated in 1945.
Verb form: to surrender. Often used with を to indicate the entity surrendered to.
The enemy forces capitulated to the Allied forces.
Unconditional surrender. A specific historical term, often referring to WWII.
The Allies demanded unconditional capitulation.
He finally capitulated and accepted the demands.
To concede or make a concession. More formal than 折れる, suitable for business or diplomatic contexts.
After negotiations, the company side capitulated.
To yield or succumb, often under pressure or threat. Somewhat literary.
He did not capitulate to the threats.
He gracefully capitulated (admitted defeat).
Literally 'to raise a white flag'. Idiomatic for surrendering or giving up.
Tired of arguing, he capitulated (raised the white flag).
Loanword from English 'give up'. Casual and often used in games or lighthearted contexts.
It was too hard, so I capitulated (gave up).