Translation guide
The English word 'church' can refer to a Christian place of worship, a specific denomination or organized religion, or a religious service. This guide covers how to express these meanings naturally in Japanese.
The standard word for a Christian church building. Can be used for any denomination.
That church is very old.
I go to church on Sundays.
Loanword from English, often used in names of specific churches or in a modern context.
A new church has opened over there.
Refers to a consecrated building, often used for Catholic or Orthodox churches, or a temple-like hall. More formal/literary.
That church is famous for its beautiful stained glass.
Referring to a Christian denomination or the institution of the Church.
Also used for the Church as an institution or denomination. Context makes the meaning clear.
the teachings of the Catholic Church
Specifically means 'denomination' or 'sect'. Used when distinguishing between branches of Christianity.
Referring to a church service or the act of going to church.
Means 'worship service'. Commonly used for the event itself.
What time does the church service start?
Specifically the Catholic Mass. Not used for Protestant services.
The most natural way to say 'go to church' (the activity). Literally 'go to church'.
While チャーチ is sometimes used for church buildings or in names, it is not natural for referring to the Church as an organization or denomination. Use 教会 instead.
the Catholic Church
Christianity is a minority religion in Japan, so churches are less common than temples (寺, てら) and shrines (神社, じんじゃ). When describing a church to someone unfamiliar, you might say キリスト教の教会 (Christian church).
separation of church and state
There are many Protestant denominations.
Attend Sunday worship.
Go to Mass on Sunday.
I go to church every Sunday.