Translation guide
The English word 'computer' is commonly used as-is in Japanese. The loanword コンピューター (or コンピュータ) is the standard term. In formal or technical contexts, 電子計算機 may appear, but it is rare in everyday speech.
computer
Most common and natural. Also written as コンピュータ.
Referring to a computer as a general electronic device for processing data.
Use パソコン when referring to a personal computer (desktop or laptop). Use コンピューター for computers in general, including servers, embedded systems, or when the type is unspecified. In many everyday situations, they are interchangeable.
The school got new computers.
The standard loanword for 'computer'. Used in almost all contexts. The form コンピュータ (without the long vowel) is also common, especially in technical writing.
I bought a new computer.
This computer is fast, isn't it?
Abbreviation of パーソナルコンピューター (personal computer). Refers specifically to a PC, typically a desktop or laptop. Very common in everyday conversation.
My computer broke down.
I work on a computer.
Formal, technical term for 'electronic computer'. Rarely used in daily speech; found in legal, academic, or historical contexts.
I am researching the history of electronic computers.
I start up my computer.