Translation guide
A construction made of earth, such as a mound, embankment, or fortification. In Japanese, the term depends on the type and purpose.
A structure built by moving or shaping earth, often for civil engineering or military purposes.
General term for earthwork or earthmoving work in construction and civil engineering.
この道路の土工は来月始まります。
The earthwork for this road will start next month.
Civil engineering works, often including earthworks, but broader in scope.
土木工事のため、この道は通行止めです。
This road is closed due to civil engineering works.
A long raised mound of earth, often for roads, railways, or flood control.
Embankment or fill; earth that has been piled up to raise the ground level.
線路の盛土が大雨で崩れた。
The railway embankment collapsed due to heavy rain.
Levee or dike; an embankment built to prevent flooding.
Bank or embankment, often grassy, along a river or road.
子供たちが土手で遊んでいる。
The children are playing on the embankment.
A defensive structure made of earth, such as a rampart or trench.
Fort, rampart, or earthwork used in fortifications, often historical.
城の周りに土塁が築かれた。
An earthen rampart was built around the castle.
Specifically an earthen rampart or embankment for defense.
土塁の跡が今も残っている。
The remains of the earthen rampart still exist.
Fortification or redoubt; a more technical military term.
堡塁を築いて敵の攻撃に備えた。
They built a redoubt to prepare for the enemy attack.
An ancient mound or earth structure of historical interest.
Ancient burial mound, often keyhole-shaped, from the Kofun period.
この地域には多くの古墳がある。
There are many ancient burial mounds in this area.
Shell midden; a mound of discarded shells and artifacts, a type of archaeological earthwork.
盛土 is a general term for raised earth, often in construction. 土手 is a grassy bank, often naturally formed or less engineered. 堤防 is specifically a levee for flood control.
盛土の上に家を建てる。
Build a house on an embankment.
土手に桜が植えられている。
Cherry trees are planted on the bank.
堤防を強化する工事が行われている。
Work is underway to reinforce the levee.
川の堤防が決壊した。
The river levee broke.
貝塚から縄文時代の土器が出土した。
Jomon period pottery was excavated from the shell midden.