Translation guide
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering, typically for terminal illness. In Japanese, the most common term is 安楽死 (anrakushi), but there are nuanced distinctions between active, passive, and voluntary euthanasia.
To refer to euthanasia in a general sense, often in medical or ethical discussions.
The standard term for euthanasia, literally 'peaceful death'. Used in medical, legal, and everyday contexts.
Euthanasia is not legally permitted in Japan.
He discussed the right to choose euthanasia.
To specify euthanasia where direct action is taken to end life, such as administering a lethal drug.
Literally 'active euthanasia'. Used in medical ethics and legal contexts to distinguish from passive forms.
Active euthanasia is legal only in some countries.
To refer to euthanasia by withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.
Literally 'passive euthanasia'. Often discussed in contrast to active euthanasia.
Passive euthanasia is the cessation of treatment.
To specify euthanasia performed at the explicit request of the patient.
Means 'voluntary euthanasia'. Used in ethical debates to emphasize patient consent.
Voluntary euthanasia requires the clear will of the patient.
To refer to euthanizing pets or animals, often in veterinary contexts.
The verb form meaning 'to euthanize'. Commonly used for pets.
The decision to euthanize the old dog was painful.
Literally 'disposal by killing'. Used in administrative contexts for animal euthanasia, especially in shelters. Can sound harsh.
This term can carry a negative nuance of culling rather than compassionate euthanasia. Use with care.
尊厳死 (death with dignity) is often distinguished from euthanasia in Japan. 尊厳死 refers to allowing a terminally ill patient to die naturally by refusing life-prolonging treatment, while 安楽死 involves active intervention. In public discourse, 尊厳死 is sometimes preferred as it avoids the implication of actively causing death.
Legislation on death with dignity is being discussed in Japan.
The English phrase 'mercy killing' is sometimes translated as 慈悲殺 (jihisatsu), but this term is rare and may sound unnatural or overly dramatic. Stick to 安楽死 for most contexts.
Many dogs are euthanized at the public health center.