Translation guide
The English word 'excluding' is used to indicate that something is not included in a group, list, or calculation. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through particles, set phrases, and verbs that mark exclusion. The most common and versatile way is the particle 以外 (igai), which means 'except' or 'other than'. Other options include formal written expressions and verbs for deliberate omission.
To specify that someone or something is not part of a group or category, or is left out of a statement.
Attach 以外 directly after a noun to mean 'except N' or 'other than N'. This is the most common and neutral way to express exclusion in Japanese. It can be used in both spoken and written language.
Everyone except me is a student.
Any day except Sunday is fine.
A slightly more formal pattern meaning 'excluding N' or 'with the exception of N'. Often used in written contexts or when making explicit exceptions. The verb 除く means 'to remove/exclude'.
This fee is 1000 yen excluding tax.
Everyone agreed, excluding him.
Means 'aside from N' or 'apart from N'. It sets the noun apart from the main statement, often implying that the noun is an exception or a separate case. Common in conversation.
Apart from the price, this hotel is very comfortable.
Joking aside, are you really okay?
Means 'leaving out N' or 'without N'. It implies deliberately omitting something, often used when something is intentionally excluded from consideration or an event. More colloquial than 除いて.
Joking aside, let's talk seriously.
We can't start the party without him (excluding him).
To indicate that a particular item or group is not included in a total, count, or consideration.
The dictionary form of the verb 除く used as a noun-modifier meaning 'excluding N'. Often seen in written notices, signs, or formal statements. It directly modifies a following noun.
Total amount excluding shipping
Everyone excluding me knew the fact.
Means 'without N' or 'excluding N' in the sense of doing something without that item. Commonly used for food preferences (e.g., without wasabi) or when someone is left out of an activity. More casual than 除く.
Without wasabi, please. (lit. Excluding wasabi, please.)
Literally 'does not include N'. A direct and clear way to state exclusion, often used in explanations or specifications. It is a verb phrase that can stand alone or modify a noun.
This price does not include consumption tax.
以外 (igai) is the most general and neutral way to say 'except'. 除いて (nozoite) is more formal and often used in written contexts or when making explicit exceptions. 抜きで (nuki de) is casual and implies deliberate omission, often used in daily conversation for things like food preferences or leaving someone out of an activity.
Everyone except him came.
Everyone came, excluding him. (formal)
We had the party without him. (casual)
English 'excluding' often corresponds to Japanese particles or verb phrases rather than a single adverb. Using 除外的に (jogaiteki ni) is not natural. Instead, use patterns like 以外, を除いて, or 抜きで depending on context.
The price is $100, excluding tax.
税抜き (zeinuki) is a common compound meaning 'tax excluded'.
Excluding today, I've been to the gym every day this week.
Everyone, excluding the manager, attended the meeting.
今日はアルコール抜きで飲みましょう。
Let's drink without alcohol today.
旅行費用は食費を含まない。
The travel expenses do not include food costs.