Translation guide
The English word "friction" has two main uses: a physical force that resists motion, and social conflict or disagreement. This guide covers both, with natural Japanese expressions for each.
The force that makes it difficult for two surfaces to slide past each other.
Tension, discord, or clashes between people or groups.
The same word as physical friction, but used metaphorically for interpersonal or social friction. Very common.
摩擦 is the general term for both physical and social friction. 軋轢 is only for serious social or political discord and sounds more formal/literary.
While 摩擦 can be used for interpersonal friction, it may sound too formal or abstract for small everyday squabbles. In casual contexts, いざこざ or もめごと are more natural.
When friction is high, it becomes hard to move.
タイヤと路面の摩擦が減ると危険です。
It's dangerous when friction between the tires and the road decreases.
Specifically "frictional force," used in physics or technical contexts.
摩擦力を計算してください。
Please calculate the frictional force.
彼との間に摩擦が生じた。
Friction arose between him and me.
部署間の摩擦を減らす必要がある。
We need to reduce friction between departments.
Discord or disharmony, often used for ongoing strained relations.
家族の不和が続いている。
Family discord continues.
Friction or discord, often used in formal writing or news to describe serious conflict between groups.
両国の間に軋轢が生じている。
Friction has arisen between the two countries.
Minor trouble, friction, or squabbles, often in personal relationships.
隣人とのいざこざが絶えない。
There's constant friction with the neighbors.
Trouble, dispute, or friction; implies a messy or complicated situation.
金銭のもめごとで関係が悪化した。
The relationship worsened due to financial friction.