Translation guide
How to express that something is filled with or has a lot of something in Japanese, depending on whether it's physical, emotional, or abstract.
Describing a container, space, or object that is filled with a substance or items.
The most common and versatile way to say 'full of N'. Used for both concrete and abstract things.
箱はおもちゃでいっぱいです。
The box is full of toys.
会場は人でいっぱいだった。
The venue was full of people.
Similar to でいっぱい, but uses が to mark the subject. Often used when the thing being full is the topic.
この部屋は本がいっぱいだ。
This room is full of books.
A literary or formal verb meaning 'to be filled with'. Often used in set phrases or poetic contexts.
月が満ちる。
The moon becomes full.
Expressing that someone is filled with feelings like joy, hope, or confidence.
Also works for emotions and abstract concepts.
彼女の心は喜びでいっぱいだった。
Her heart was full of joy.
その話は希望でいっぱいだ。
That story is full of hope.
Means 'overflowing with N', often used for positive emotions or energy. More expressive than でいっぱい.
彼は自信にあふれている。
He is full of confidence.
その映画はユーモアにあふれている。
The movie is full of humor.
A literary expression meaning 'filled with N'. Often used in written language.
愛に満ちた手紙。
A letter full of love.
Describing a place, object, or situation that contains many of something, often with a nuance of abundance.
Literally 'there are many N'. A natural way to say something is full of things when you mean there are a lot of them.
この公園には花がたくさんある。
This park is full of flowers.
彼の部屋には本がたくさんある。
His room is full of books.
Means 'full of N' with a negative connotation, implying something is covered or filled with undesirable things.
Usually negative; avoid for positive things.
部屋がゴミだらけだ。
The room is full of garbage.
答案は間違いだらけだった。
The exam paper was full of mistakes.
Means 'abundant in N', used for resources, nutrients, etc. More formal.
この野菜はビタミンが豊富です。
This vegetable is full of vitamins.
Describing a person who is arrogant or self-important.
Means 'to be conceited' or 'full of oneself'. A common adjective-like verb.
彼はうぬぼれている。
He is full of himself.
Means 'overconfident', often used as a noun or na-adjective.
彼は自信過剰だ。
He is full of himself (overconfident).
でいっぱい is neutral and can be used for both physical and abstract fullness. にあふれる implies an overflowing abundance, often positive. だらけ is negative, meaning 'covered with' or 'littered with' undesirable things.
部屋がおもちゃでいっぱいだ。
The room is full of toys (neutral).
彼女は魅力にあふれている。
She is full of charm (positive overflow).
道が泥だらけだ。
The road is full of mud (negative).