Translation guide
The English word 'heathen' can refer to a non-religious person, a non-Christian, or someone uncivilized. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent. The best translation depends on the intended meaning and context.
To refer to someone who does not follow any religion, or is not interested in religion.
A neutral term for someone with no religious affiliation. Often used in surveys or formal contexts.
He is not religious.
Literally 'has no interest in religion'. A natural way to describe someone indifferent to religion.
I have no interest in religion.
To refer to someone who is not a Christian, often from a Christian-centric viewpoint. Can be derogatory or historical.
Literally 'different religion person'. This is the closest equivalent to 'heathen' in a religious context, but it can sound formal or academic. It is not commonly used in everyday speech.
In medieval Europe, heathens were persecuted.
Means 'heresy' or 'false religion'. Strongly negative and rarely used to describe people directly. More about the belief system.
This word is very strong and offensive. Avoid using it to describe people.
To refer to someone considered uncultured, primitive, or lacking in refinement. Often derogatory.
Literally 'barbarian'. This is the most direct translation for 'heathen' in the sense of uncivilized. It is derogatory and old-fashioned.
They treated that tribe as heathens.
Means 'uncivilized person' or 'savage'. Used historically or in anthropology, but now considered offensive.
The English word 'heathen' carries strong historical and religious connotations that do not map neatly onto Japanese. Using 異教徒 or 野蛮人 directly may sound unnatural or offensive. Consider rephrasing based on the specific meaning you intend.
無宗教 (mushūkyō) simply means 'no religion' and is neutral. 異教徒 (ikyōto) implies a contrast with a dominant religion (usually Christianity) and can be perceived as exclusive or archaic. Choose based on whether you want to describe lack of religion or otherness from a specific faith.
彼らはその信仰を邪教と呼んだ。
They called that faith a heathen religion.
その探検家は未開人と出会ったと書いた。
The explorer wrote that he encountered heathens.