Translation guide
How to express that something is not enough in Japanese, covering formal, casual, and nuanced situations.
Expressing that an amount, number, or level is insufficient.
The most common and versatile way to say 'not enough' or 'insufficient'. Used for tangible and intangible things.
I don't have enough money.
There isn't enough time.
More formal than 足りない. Often used in written or business contexts to indicate a shortage or deficiency.
We are short-staffed.
Funds are insufficient.
Means 'insufficient' or 'inadequate', emphasizing that something does not meet the required standard. Often used as a な-adjective.
That explanation is insufficient.
Expressing that something is lacking in quality, skill, or effectiveness.
Expressing that something is not enough to achieve a specific goal.
足りない is casual and versatile. 不足 is more formal and often used in compound nouns (e.g., 水不足 water shortage). 不十分 emphasizes inadequacy against a standard, often used in evaluations.
The water shortage is serious.
The preparation was insufficient.
In everyday conversation, 足りない is much more natural. Using 不十分 can sound stiff or overly critical.
The measures were inadequate.
Expresses a feeling that something is lacking or not quite satisfying. Often used for experiences, meals, or performances.
This dish is a bit lacking (in flavor/substance).
The movie's ending was unsatisfying.
Supply that is insufficient for demand.