Translation guide
The English word 'marked' has several distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common uses for learners: showing a visible sign, being noticeable or pronounced, and being targeted or designated. It also briefly covers the linguistic sense of 'markedness'.
marked difference
marked improvement
Describing something that has a physical mark, stain, scratch, or blemish on its surface.
General phrase meaning 'has a scratch/damage'. Used for objects with visible flaws.
This desk is marked (has scratches).
Means 'is dirty/stained'. Used when something has a stain or dirt mark.
The shirt is marked (stained).
Literally 'a mark is attached'. Used when there is a deliberate or accidental mark.
There's a mark on the wall.
Past tense of 傷つく (to be damaged/scratched). Describes something that has become marked or damaged.
Describing a quality, difference, or change that is clearly noticeable or significant.
Describing a person or thing that has been singled out, often for negative treatment or special attention.
Passive form meaning 'to be watched/marked (by someone)'. Implies being under scrutiny or targeted.
In linguistics, referring to a form that is less common, more specific, or carries additional meaning compared to an unmarked form.
Both mean 'marked' in the sense of noticeable. 著しい is more common and can be used for negative or positive changes. 顕著な is slightly more formal and often used for positive or neutral notable features.
marked progress
The marked (damaged) furniture was sold cheaply.
Means 'remarkable', 'striking', 'marked'. Used for significant changes or differences.
There was a marked change in his attitude.
Means 'notable', 'pronounced', 'marked'. Often used in formal or academic contexts.
There is a marked difference between the two.
Past tense of 目立つ (to stand out). Means 'conspicuous', 'noticeable'. More casual than 著しい.
His grades showed a marked improvement.
Means 'clear', 'distinct'. Used when a difference or feature is clearly defined.
A marked improvement can be seen.
He is a marked man by the police.
Passive of 狙う (to aim at). Means 'to be targeted'. Stronger connotation of being a target for attack or harm.
He is marked by the enemy.
Loanword from English 'mark'. Used in sports or casual contexts to mean 'being marked/guarded'.
He was closely marked throughout the game.
Noun meaning 'person of interest' or 'marked person'. Used in security or law enforcement contexts.
He is on the list as a marked individual.
'Haikyuu' is a marked term, referring to male actors as opposed to 'joyuu'.
Literal translation 'with a mark'. Sometimes used in linguistic discussions, but 有標 is standard.
This form is considered a marked element.
a marked characteristic
Do not translate 'marked man' literally as マークされた男. Use natural phrases like 目をつけられている or 狙われている depending on context.