Translation guide
The English phrase "may do" can express permission, possibility, or a suggestion. In Japanese, these are expressed with different grammar patterns, not a single word. This guide covers the most common ways to convey each meaning naturally.
Expressing that someone is allowed to do something.
The most common way to give or ask for permission. Attach to the te-form of a verb.
Expressing that something might happen or is possible.
The standard way to say 'might' or 'may'. Attach to the plain form of verbs, adjectives, or nouns.
Suggesting an action or offering an option, like 'you may want to...' or 'you could...'.
A common way to make a suggestion: 'How about doing...?' or 'You might want to...'.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all uses of 'may'. Always identify whether you mean permission, possibility, or suggestion, and use the appropriate grammar pattern.
May I take a picture here?
You may go home now.
A slightly more formal or emphatic way to say 'it's okay if...'. Literally 'I don't mind if...'.
May I open the window?
Very formal, often used in business or when granting permission to a subordinate.
You may take one freely.
It may rain tomorrow.
He may not come.
Literally 'there is a possibility that...'. More formal and often used in writing or news.
There may be an earthquake.
Used for things that happen sometimes or occasionally. 'There are times when...'
I may skip breakfast sometimes.
You may want to rest a bit.
Used to suggest a course of action: 'You could just...' or 'It would be good if...'.
If you don't understand, you may ask the teacher.
Incorrect for asking permission.