Translation guide
The English word 'none' expresses the absence of people, things, or amounts. In Japanese, this is expressed through negative verbs, negative pronouns, or quantifiers, rather than a single direct equivalent.
To say that there is zero of something, or that no one/nothing from a set exists or applies.
Used with a negative verb to mean 'nothing' or 'not ... anything'. The particle も replaces を or が, and the verb must be negative.
There is nothing in the fridge.
He said nothing.
Used with a negative verb to mean 'nobody' or 'not ... anyone'. The particle も replaces が or を.
Nobody came.
Used with a negative verb to mean 'not even one' or 'none at all'. The counter word can change (e.g., 一人も, 一個も).
There are no cookies left at all.
Means 'not at all' or 'none'. Used with a negative verb or adjective. More emphatic than simple negation.
I have no money at all.
A noun meaning 'without' or 'none'. Often used in casual speech or as a suffix. Can stand alone as a short answer.
To say that none of a specific set of items or people applies.
Used for two items/people, meaning 'neither' or 'none of the two'. The verb must be negative.
Neither of those two proposals is good.
Neither of them came.
Used for three or more items, meaning 'none of them'. The verb must be negative.
None of these books are interesting.
To strongly deny that any part of something is true or acceptable.
To say that a supply or quantity has been exhausted.
English 'none' often corresponds to a negative verb in Japanese, not a single word. Saying 'ナン' or 'ノン' is not Japanese. Always pair a negative form with a quantifier like 何も, 誰も, or 一つも.
全然 (ぜんぜん) is common in everyday speech and can be used with both positive and negative sentences (though traditionally only negative). 全く (まったく) is stronger and more formal, meaning 'completely' or 'absolutely', and is almost always used with negatives when meaning 'none'.
None of us knew the answer.
I have none left.
There was nobody in the classroom.
彼は友達が一人もいない。
He has no friends at all.
その映画は全然面白くなかった。
That movie wasn't interesting at all.
A: Any questions? B: None.
I have no plans today.
候補者はどれも適任ではなかった。
None of the candidates were suitable.
その商品は品切れです。
That item is out of stock.