Translation guide
A promissory note is a written promise to pay a specific sum of money to a named person or bearer at a specified time. In Japanese, the most common equivalent is 約束手形 (yakusoku tegata), but depending on context, other terms like 借用証書 (shakuyō shōsho) or 念書 (nensho) may be used. This guide explains the nuances and appropriate usage of each term.
A negotiable instrument used in commercial transactions, governed by specific laws.
The standard legal term for a promissory note in commercial and financial contexts. It is a formal document that can be transferred by endorsement.
彼は銀行で約束手形を振り出した。
He issued a promissory note at the bank.
この約束手形は譲渡可能です。
This promissory note is negotiable.
A broader term for a bill or note, often used in business contexts. Can refer to promissory notes or drafts. In everyday business, 手形 alone may imply a promissory note.
手形の支払い期日が来週です。
The promissory note is due next week.
A written acknowledgment of a debt between individuals, often less formal than a commercial promissory note.
A loan certificate or IOU, commonly used for personal loans. It records the amount borrowed and repayment terms.
友人にお金を貸すときは借用証書を書いてもらった。
When I lent money to a friend, I had him write a promissory note.
A shorter form of 借用証書, also meaning IOU or loan note. Slightly less formal.
借用証があれば安心です。
It's reassuring to have a promissory note.
A formal loan agreement document, often used for larger sums or between parties who want a detailed contract. More comprehensive than a simple IOU.
金銭消費貸借契約書を公正証書にしました。
We had the loan agreement notarized.
A less formal written promise, often used to confirm an agreement or intention, not necessarily involving money.
A written pledge or memorandum, often used to confirm a promise or agreement. It can be used for non-monetary promises as well.
彼は必ず返済するという念書を書いた。
He wrote a promissory note stating he would definitely repay.
A written oath or pledge, often used in more formal or official contexts, such as employment or legal matters.
約束手形 is a formal financial instrument governed by the Bills Act (手形法), often used in business and can be transferred. 借用証書 is a simpler document for personal loans and is not negotiable. Use 約束手形 for commercial contexts and 借用証書 for personal IOUs.
The direct translation '約束のノート' is not used in Japanese. Always use the appropriate term based on context.
弟が借りたお金の借用証書を持っています。
I have a promissory note from my brother for the money he borrowed.
Personal loan context
秘密保持の誓約書にサインした。
I signed a promissory note regarding confidentiality.