Translation guide
A coordinate system using perpendicular axes (x, y, and optionally z) to define points in space. In Japanese, the term is primarily technical and used in mathematics, physics, and engineering.
The standard term for rectangular (Cartesian) coordinates in mathematics and science.
The most common and standard term for 'rectangular coordinates' in technical contexts. Literally 'orthogonal coordinates'.
Express the position of a point in rectangular coordinates.
Specifically 'Cartesian coordinates', named after René Descartes. Common in academic contexts.
In the Cartesian coordinate system, the axes are mutually perpendicular.
An alternative term literally meaning 'right-angle coordinates'. Less common than 直交座標 but still used in some textbooks.
Draw a graph using rectangular coordinates.
When distinguishing from polar or other coordinate systems.
The full term 'rectangular coordinate system'. Often used when contrasting with 極座標系 (polar coordinate system).
Convert polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
Explaining the concept without technical jargon, e.g., in casual conversation or teaching beginners.
In non-technical contexts, describe the concept rather than using the formal term. For example, 'x and y coordinates' or 'graph coordinates'.
Points on a graph are expressed by their horizontal and vertical positions.
In Japanese mathematics education, 直交座標 is the standard term from middle school onward. デカルト座標 is more common in university-level texts or when emphasizing the historical origin. Avoid 直角座標 unless you see it in a specific textbook.