Translation guide
The English word "repent" expresses sincere regret and a commitment to change. In Japanese, the most natural equivalent depends on the context: religious repentance, personal regret, or a formal apology.
To express sincere regret for sins and turn away from them, often in a religious context.
The standard term for religious repentance, implying a change of heart and behavior. Commonly used in Christian contexts.
Repent of your sins and return to God.
Specifically refers to confession and repentance, often in a Buddhist or formal religious setting.
He repented of his mistakes at the temple.
To feel deep regret for a past action and decide not to repeat it, in everyday life.
Means to reflect on one's actions with regret and a desire to improve. Very common in daily life, school, and work.
I am reflecting on my actions (with regret).
He regretted being late and said he would wake up early from tomorrow.
Focuses on the feeling of regret itself, without necessarily implying a change in behavior. Closer to 'regret' than 'repent'.
To express deep remorse and apologize formally, often in public or official settings.
反省する (hansei suru) implies self-reflection with a forward-looking intention to improve, similar to 'repent'. 後悔する (kōkai suru) is simply feeling regret about the past, without necessarily changing behavior. Use 反省する when you want to convey a resolve to do better.
Directly translating 'repent' as 悔いる (kuiru) is possible but sounds archaic or literary. In modern conversation, use 反省する or 悔い改める depending on context.
I regret saying that back then.
Literally 'change one's heart', meaning to turn over a new leaf or reform oneself. Stronger than just regret.
He repented and started working seriously.
The minister apologized for the gaffe and resigned.