Translation guide
In Japanese, 'small business' is commonly expressed with terms that emphasize scale, independence, or local character. The most natural equivalent depends on context: whether you're talking about a small company, a local shop, or a startup.
Referring to a business entity that is small in scale, often in contrast to large corporations.
The standard term for 'small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs). Used in business, economic, and policy contexts. Often paired with 大企業 (large enterprises).
There is a subsidy system for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Literally 'small-scale business operator'. Often used in legal or administrative contexts, such as tax or support measures.
Apply for the Small Business Sustainability Subsidy.
Refers to very small, often family-run businesses with minimal capital and employees. Can carry a nuance of being financially weak.
There are many micro-enterprises in this area.
Describing a small retail business, often family-run, serving the local community.
An independently owned shop, typically run by an individual or family. Emphasizes the personal, non-corporate nature.
Old independent shops line the street in front of the station.
A colloquial phrase meaning 'small local shop'. Conveys warmth and community connection.
Literally 'retail store'. A generic term that can refer to any retail outlet, but often implies a small shop in context.
Referring to a newly established small business, often with growth potential or innovative character.
Commonly used for 'startup' or 'venture business'. Implies innovation and growth ambition, though often small initially.
He graduated from university and started a venture business.
Direct loanword for 'startup'. Used in tech and business contexts, often implying rapid growth and innovation.
I work at a startup in Silicon Valley.
Literally 'newly rising enterprise'. More formal and often used in economic reports.
Emerging companies entered the market.
Focusing on the legal structure or the fact that one person runs the business.
Sole proprietorship. The most common legal form for freelancers and small business owners.
I submitted a notification of commencement of business as a sole proprietor.
Self-employment or running one's own business. Broader than 個人事業, can include small family businesses.
Freelancer. Often used for independent professionals, but can imply a small business of one person.
中小企業 (SME) is a broad category defined by capital or employee count, used in economic policy. 個人商店 emphasizes the personal, non-corporate nature of a shop and is more about atmosphere and ownership style.
The direct translation '小さいビジネス' is not natural Japanese. Use the terms above depending on context.
I like shopping at small local stores.
小売店の経営は厳しい。
Running a retail store is tough.
My father runs his own business.
I do web design as a freelancer.