Translation guide
How to express a strained back in Japanese, from describing the injury to common phrases used in daily life.
To say you have a strained back or back strain in a general sense.
To say you strained your back while doing something.
A natural way to say 'to hurt one's lower back'. Used for both sudden and gradual injuries.
引っ越しのときに腰を痛めてしまった。
I strained my back during the move.
To describe the pain or discomfort from a strained back.
Simple and direct: 'My lower back hurts.'
朝から腰が痛くて、まっすぐ立てない。
My back has been hurting since morning, and I can't stand up straight.
ぎっくり腰 is an acute, sudden back strain often caused by a specific movement. 腰痛 is a broader term for lower back pain, which can be chronic or acute. Use ぎっくり腰 when you 'throw your back out' suddenly.
ぎっくり腰で動けなくなった。
I threw my back out and couldn't move.
腰痛が慢性的で困っている。
I suffer from chronic back pain.
Avoid literal translations like 緊張した背中 (きんちょうしたせなか) or 張った背中 (はったせなか). These sound unnatural and are not used for a back injury. Stick to the expressions above.
The most common term for a sudden, acute back strain, often called 'thrown out back' in English. It refers to a sharp pain from a muscle or ligament injury.
昨日、重い荷物を持ち上げてぎっくり腰になった。
Yesterday I strained my back lifting a heavy box.
General term for lower back pain, including chronic pain or strain. More medical and broad than ぎっくり腰.
腰痛がひどくて、今日は仕事を休んだ。
My back pain was so bad I took the day off work.
Literally 'back muscle tear', used for a more specific muscle strain. Less common in everyday speech.
背中の肉離れで、しばらく運動ができない。
I can't exercise for a while because of a strained back muscle.
Specifically means 'to get a sudden back strain'. Emphasizes the acute onset.
くしゃみをしたらぎっくり腰になった。
I sneezed and threw my back out.
To hurt one's back (upper or middle back). Use 腰 for lower back.
ゴルフで背中を痛めた。
I strained my back playing golf.
Describes a sharp, shooting pain in the lower back, typical of a strain.
物を拾おうとしたら、腰に激痛が走った。
When I tried to pick something up, a sharp pain shot through my back.