Translation guide
The layer of soil beneath the topsoil, often relevant in agriculture, construction, and geology. Japanese distinguishes between the natural subsoil layer and the act or process of deep cultivation that breaks it up.
Referring to the natural layer of earth below the surface soil, typically harder and less fertile.
Standard term for subsoil in agriculture and soil science. Refers to the layer beneath the topsoil (表土).
心土が固いと根が深く張れません。
If the subsoil is hard, roots cannot grow deep.
Referring to the agricultural practice of breaking up compacted subsoil without inverting it, to improve drainage and root penetration.
The process of subsoiling or deep ripping. Often used as a noun or suru-verb.
心土破砕を行うことで排水性が向上します。
By carrying out subsoiling, drainage improves.
心土 (しんど) is the subsoil, while 表土 (ひょうど) is the topsoil. In agriculture, 表土 is the fertile upper layer, and 心土 is the layer beneath it that may need breaking up.
表土は肥沃だが、心土は固く締まっている。
The topsoil is fertile, but the subsoil is hard and compacted.
The katakana word サブソイル is not commonly used in Japanese. Stick with 心土 or 下層土 for natural expression.
Literally 'lower layer soil'. Used in geology, civil engineering, and soil classification.
この地域の下層土は粘土質です。
The subsoil in this area is clayey.
Literally 'bottom soil'. Sometimes used in gardening or construction, but less technical.
底土が水はけを左右します。
The subsoil affects drainage.
Literally 'deep plowing'. Can refer to deep tillage in general, which may include subsoil breaking.
この畑は深耕して心土を柔らかくする必要がある。
This field needs deep plowing to soften the subsoil.