Translation guide
The Sabbath refers to the day of rest and worship in Judaism and Christianity, typically Saturday or Sunday. In Japanese, the term is usually translated based on the religious context, with specific words for the Jewish Sabbath and the Christian Sabbath.
The day of rest from Friday evening to Saturday evening in Judaism.
General term for Sabbath, used in both Jewish and Christian contexts. When referring to the Jewish Sabbath, it's understood as Saturday.
In Judaism, the Sabbath is from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday.
Loanword from Hebrew 'Shabbat', commonly used in Japanese to refer specifically to the Jewish Sabbath.
They do not work on Shabbat.
The day of rest and worship on Sunday in Christianity.
Same term as for the Jewish Sabbath, but context indicates Sunday. Often used in biblical or theological discussions.
Christians observe the Sabbath on Sunday.
Literally 'the Lord's Day', used in Christian contexts to refer to Sunday as the day of worship.
I go to church on the Lord's Day.
A day of rest or break from work, not necessarily religious.
Means 'day of rest', can be used in secular contexts but is less common.
Sunday is a day of rest.
安息日 is the standard Japanese word for Sabbath and is used in both Jewish and Christian contexts. シャバット specifically refers to the Jewish Sabbath and is more common in discussions about Judaism or when speaking with Jewish people.
Since 安息日 can refer to either Saturday or Sunday, the intended day is usually clear from the religious context. If you need to be specific, you can say ユダヤ教の安息日 (Jewish Sabbath) or キリスト教の安息日 (Christian Sabbath).