Translation guide
The English word "turnover" has several distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common ones for learners: business revenue, employee replacement rate, pastry, and sports loss of possession. Each meaning uses different Japanese words.
Total sales or revenue of a company over a period.
The standard business term for total sales or revenue. Used in financial reports and everyday business contexts.
当社の年間売上高は100億円を超えた。
Our company's annual turnover exceeded 10 billion yen.
A slightly less formal synonym for sales/revenue, common in conversation.
今月の売上は先月より伸びた。
This month's turnover grew compared to last month.
Used for trading volume or transaction value, especially in securities or financial contexts.
東京証券取引所の一日の取引高は膨大だ。
The daily turnover on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is enormous.
The rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced.
The standard term for employee turnover rate. Often used in HR contexts.
この会社の離職率は業界平均より高い。
This company's turnover rate is higher than the industry average.
Refers to the general replacement or turnover of people, not necessarily a rate. More casual.
Literally 'rotation rate'. Can be used for employee turnover but more commonly for inventory or seat turnover in restaurants. Clarify context.
A small pie made by folding dough over a fruit filling.
The direct loanword for the pastry. Widely understood in bakeries and cafes.
アップルターンオーバーを一つください。
One apple turnover, please.
Literally 'folded pie'. A descriptive term but not commonly used; ターンオーバー is preferred.
この折り込みパイにはカスタードが入っている。
This turnover has custard inside.
Losing the ball to the opposing team through a mistake.
The standard term in basketball, American football, and other sports. Used as-is in Japanese sports commentary.
彼のターンオーバーが試合の流れを変えた。
His turnover changed the momentum of the game.
General phrase meaning 'to have the ball taken away'. Not a noun, but describes the action.
パスミスでボールを奪われた。
They had a turnover due to a bad pass.
Generic 'mistake', often used informally for a turnover in sports.
あのミスが痛かった。
That turnover hurt.
Do not translate 'turnover' word-for-word. The Japanese equivalent depends entirely on context. Using 売上高 for a pastry or ターンオーバー for revenue will cause confusion.
売上高 (turnover/revenue) is top-line sales before expenses. 利益 (profit) is what remains after costs. Do not confuse them.
売上高は大きいが、利益は少ない。
Turnover is large, but profit is small.
会社の売上高は10％増加した。
The company's turnover increased by 10%.
高い離職率が問題だ。
High staff turnover is a problem.
チェリーターンオーバーをください。
I'll have a cherry turnover.
ポイントガードは5つのターンオーバーを犯した。
The point guard had 5 turnovers.
スタッフの入れ替わりが激しい店だ。
It's a store with high staff turnover.
May be misunderstood as inventory turnover. Use 離職率 for clarity.
人材の回転率が高い業界もある。
There are industries with high personnel turnover.