Translation guide
A urinary calculus is a stone formed in the urinary tract. In Japanese, the most common and recommended term is 尿路結石 (にょうろけっせき). This entry covers the general medical term and related expressions.
The standard term for a stone anywhere in the urinary tract (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra).
The most common and direct translation. Used in medical contexts and everyday conversation.
The pain from a urinary calculus is very severe.
A shorter term meaning 'calculus' or 'stone'. Often used when the location is clear from context.
A stone is stuck in the ureter.
When the stone is specifically in the kidney.
Kidney stone. Use when you need to specify the kidney.
I have a constitution that easily forms kidney stones.
When the stone is specifically in the bladder.
Bladder stone. Use when you need to specify the bladder.
I had surgery for a bladder stone.
When the stone is specifically in the ureter.
Ureteral stone. Use when you need to specify the ureter.
I had blood in my urine because of a ureteral stone.
In medical contexts, 結石 (けっせき) is the standard term for a calculus. The more general word 石 (いし) can also mean 'stone' but is less precise. For example, 腎臓結石 (じんぞうけっせき) is a kidney stone, while 腎臓の石 (じんぞうのいし) is understandable but sounds less technical.