Translation guide
The English adverb 'vigorously' describes doing something with energy, force, or enthusiasm. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; the best choice depends on whether you mean physical intensity, energetic effort, lively action, or forceful assertion.
Describing an action done with strong physical movement, power, or intensity.
Literally 'with momentum/force'. Used for actions done swiftly and powerfully, like running, throwing, or flowing water.
He started running vigorously.
The water is flowing vigorously.
Literally 'powerfully/strongly'. Emphasizes strength and force, often used for physical actions like gripping, pushing, or striking.
He shook hands vigorously.
Means 'violently/intensely'. Used for vigorous but possibly rough or extreme actions, like shaking, fighting, or weather.
Can imply violence or severity; not suitable for all contexts.
The dog wagged its tail vigorously.
Describing doing something with great energy, diligence, or zest.
Means 'energetically/vigorously' in the sense of putting a lot of energy into an activity, often over a period of time.
She tackled her work vigorously.
Literally 'in a lively/spirited manner'. Common for cheerful, energetic actions, especially by children or in casual contexts.
The children are playing vigorously.
Means 'actively/lively'. Used for vigorous activity, discussion, or participation.
Opinions were exchanged vigorously at the meeting.
Describing quick, animated actions, often with a sense of liveliness.
Means 'actively/frequently/vigorously'. Used for actions that are done with enthusiasm and in abundance, like applauding, discussing, or blooming.
The audience applauded vigorously.
Describes a lively, vivid, energetic manner, often used for people's expressions or movements.
She danced vigorously.
Describing speaking, denying, or asserting something with strong emphasis.
These all can translate 'vigorously' for physical actions, but have different nuances. 勢いよく focuses on momentum and speed, 力強く on muscular strength, and 激しく on intensity that may border on violence. Choose based on the nature of the action.
There is no single Japanese adverb that covers all uses of 'vigorously'. Using a dictionary form like 旺盛に (おうせいに) may sound unnatural in many contexts. Always consider the specific meaning you want to convey.