Translation guide
Waka (和歌) is a form of classical Japanese poetry, typically consisting of 31 syllables in a 5-7-5-7-7 pattern. It is a broad category that includes tanka, and is often used interchangeably with tanka in modern contexts.
Referring to the traditional Japanese poetic form, especially in historical or literary contexts.
The standard term for classical Japanese poetry, encompassing various sub-forms like tanka, chōka, etc. Used in academic and literary contexts.
Waka is a traditional form of Japanese poetry.
Specifically referring to the 5-7-5-7-7 syllable poem, often called tanka in modern times.
The modern term for the 31-syllable poem. While historically a subset of waka, today it is the most common form and often used synonymously with waka.
Her hobby is composing tanka.
In modern casual usage, 和歌 can refer specifically to tanka, though it is broader historically.
Distinguishing Japanese-style poetry from Chinese-style poetry (kanshi).
Used in historical contexts to differentiate native Japanese poetry from Chinese poetry (漢詩).
In the Heian period, both Chinese poetry and waka were composed.
Historically, 和歌 is a broad category including 短歌, 長歌, etc. In modern usage, 短歌 is the standard term for the 5-7-5-7-7 form, while 和歌 often refers to classical poems or is used in traditional contexts. When in doubt, use 短歌 for modern tanka.
Nowadays, the word 'tanka' is common.
Hyakunin Isshu is an anthology of waka (tanka).