Translation guide
This entry covers how to ask 'what is it?' in Japanese, depending on formality, context, and what 'it' refers to.
The most common, everyday way to ask 'what is it?' when pointing at something or referring to something unknown.
Casual, direct. Used among friends, family, or in informal situations. Often with rising intonation.
Polite form. Use with strangers, superiors, or in formal settings. The ですか adds politeness.
What is this?
Casual, masculine. Often used by men. Can sound blunt or surprised.
What the heck is this?
When you notice something is off and want to ask 'what is it?' meaning 'what's the matter?'
When someone refers to something and you need them to specify what 'it' is.
When someone knocks on the door or calls your name, and you respond 'what is it?' meaning 'who is it?' or 'what do you want?'
In Japanese, 'it' is often omitted. Saying それは何ですか is fine, but in many contexts just 何ですか or even 何？ is more natural. Don't force a pronoun when it's clear from context.
Rising intonation on 何？ or 何ですか？ makes it a question. Flat intonation can sound like an exclamation ('What!').
あれは何ですか？
What is that over there?
You look pale, what's wrong?
Polite version of どうしたの. Suitable for formal situations or when speaking to someone you don't know well.
What's the matter?
Casual, implies 'did something happen?' Often used when you suspect a problem.
Did something happen?
Polite version. Use when you need clarification in a formal context.
What is that?
Casual. Means 'What are you talking about?' or 'What do you mean?' when you don't understand the reference.
What do you mean?
Casual, can sound abrupt. Use with close friends or family when they call your name.
(when called) What?
Very polite. Used when answering the door or phone to ask 'Who is it?' Literally 'Which honorable person is it?'
(at the intercom) Who is it?