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Kotomora

胡

barbarian, foreign

JLPTN1StatusJinmeiyōFrequencyTop 2,000Strokes9

Readings

On'yomi

  • ウ
  • コ
  • ゴ

Kun'yomi

  • なんぞ

Nanori

  • えびす
  • くる

Meaning

胡 centers on the idea of foreignness, especially from a historical Chinese perspective referring to northern or western non-Han peoples. The meaning 'barbarian' is a pejorative extension of that same concept of being outside one's own culture.

Most common words using 胡

20 of 77
  • 二胡にこ

    erhu (2-stringed Chinese instrument played with a bow); erh hu

  • 胡桃くるみ

    walnut (Juglans spp., esp. Juglans regia)

  • 胡麻ごま

    sesame seeds

  • 胡瓜きゅうり
    N1

    cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

  • 胡椒こしょう
    N3

    pepper

  • 胡散臭いうさんくさい

    suspicious-looking; shady; questionable; dubious; fishy

  • 胡蝶こちょう

    butterfly

  • 胡こ

    barbarian tribes surrounding ancient China

  • 胡坐あぐら
    N1

    sitting cross-legged

  • 胡散うさん

    suspicious

  • 胡坐こざ

    sitting cross-legged

  • 胡麻木ごまぎ

    Siebold's arrowwood (Viburnum sieboldii)

  • 荏胡麻えごま

    wild sesame (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens); oilseed perilla; egoma

  • 胡麻和えごまあえ

    dish dressed with sesame sauce

  • 胡粉ごふん

    artists' chalk; white pigment; powdered calcium carbonate

  • 胡麻を擂るごまをする
    N2

    to flatter; to toady (to); to curry favor (with); to butter up; to grind sesame seeds

  • 三島柴胡みしまさいこ

    Bupleurum stenophyllum (species of medicinal herb)

  • 五胡ごこ

    Wu Hu (five tribes that migrated into China in 300-500 CE: Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Di, Qiang)

  • 五胡十六国ごこじゅうろっこく

    Sixteen Kingdoms (collection of sovereign states in and around China; 304-439 CE); Sixteen Kingdoms period

  • 京胡きょうこ

    jinghu (2-stringed Chinese instrument played with a bow)

Explore all words using 胡 →

Study

Etymology

胡 originally referred to a specific ancient nomadic people or region north/west of China. The character combines 古 (old) and 月 (flesh/meat), but the exact historical rationale for this composition is uncertain; it may have been used phonetically to represent the foreign name.

Meaning mnemonic

Imagine an ancient Chinese border guard seeing a foreigner with old-fashioned (古) clothes and a piece of raw meat (月) hanging from his belt, marking him as a barbarian from outside the civilized world.

Reading mnemonic

For ウ, picture a barbarian shouting 'Ooh!' (ウ) in surprise when he sees something unfamiliar in a foreign land. The 'Ooh!' sound cues the reading ウ.