noun
witch hunt (historical persecution)
Refers to the historical persecution of people accused of witchcraft, especially in medieval Europe and colonial America.
ヨーロッパの魔女狩りでは多くの無実の人が処刑された。
Many innocent people were executed in the European witch hunts.
noun
witch hunt (modern figurative)
Figurative use for the persecution or scapegoating of people seen as a threat to society, often in political or social contexts.
冷戦時代には共産主義者に対する魔女狩りが行われた。
During the Cold War, there was a witch hunt against communists.
スケープゴート means 'scapegoat', the person blamed, whereas 魔女狩り describes the campaign or process of finding and punishing such people.
Compound of 魔女 (majo, 'witch') and 狩り (kari, 'hunting'), literally 'witch hunting'. The figurative sense is a semantic extension from the historical practice.