Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; MCMC methods
Technical term in statistics and computing for a class of algorithms that sample from probability distributions using Markov chains.
Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are often used in Bayesian statistics.
From English 'Markov chain Monte Carlo methods'. The Japanese term is a direct loan translation combining マルコフ連鎖 (Markov chain) and モンテカルロ法 (Monte Carlo method).