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Sentence analysis
9Spans
Sentence
Span Details
火山活動
volcanic activitynoun
の
possession, attribution, nominalizer, or nominal linkergrammar
痕跡
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidencenoun
が
subject markergrammar
地形
terrain; topography; geographical featuresnoun
に
direction, time, indirect object, or target markergrammar
刻ま
mince; chop finely; shred; carve; engrave; notch; tick away; beat out a rhythm; mark the passage of time; etch into one's mind; remember distinctly; tattoo; have tattooed; torment; afflict-> 刻むgodan verb
れ
passive, potential, or respect auxiliary-> れる/られるgrammar
ている。
ongoing or resultant stategrammar