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JLPT N1Written, formalSolemn

いかなるany; whatever (formal)

The formal どんな. Before a noun, mostly with も or でも after it, it takes in every case there could be: no exceptions, whatever the reason, under any circumstances. It is the voice of rules, law and solemn speeches.

How to form it

いかなる + noun(+ も/でも/であれ)

Straight before the noun, as どんな is. When a verb follows the noun, the verb takes ても: いかなる理り由ゆうがあっても.

The noun
Mostly an abstract one: 理り由ゆう, 場ば合あい, 状じょう況きょう, 例れい外がい, 差さ別べつ, 困こん難なん.
After it
Mostly a negative, a ban or a duty: 認みとめない, 許ゆるされない, してはならない, しなければならない.
Where you'll meet it
Laws, contracts, rules, declarations, speeches, editorials. In conversation it sounds like a proclamation.
In everyday speech
どんな. One step up, in polite and business talk, どのような.

In use

Two things to know

At home it is どんな

It can also ask "what"

In formal questions and research writing いかなる simply asks "what" or "what kind of".

Close neighbours

いかんN1

Comes after its noun: 理り由ゆうのいかん, "what the reason is". 理り由ゆうのいかんを問とわず makes the same rule as いかなる理り由ゆうがあっても.

どんなN4

The everyday word. With でも or ても it takes in every case in the same way.

であれN1

A stiff でも that often follows it: "whatever … may be".

Check yourself

1What does this mean?

いかなる場ば合あいも、返へん金きんには応おうじません。

Choose an answer to see why.

2A friend looks good in everything they try on. Which would you say to them?

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

いかに is the adverb of the same family, a formal どんなに: いかに困こん難なんでも, however difficult.

More sentences