Kotomora
JLPT N4Construction
Furigana

えるLooks or appears

える describes the identity, quality, or state that someone or something appears to have. It reports an observer's outward impression, which may differ from reality.

The impression, not necessarily the reality

The item being observed is usually the topic or subject. The expression after it gives the result of the observer's perception: what category it seems to belong to or what quality it seems to have. It does not claim that the impression is objectively correct.

Three basic patterns

あのたてものとおくからるとふねえる

Seen from a distance, that building looks like a ship.

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The noun names the apparent category.

この部屋へやしゃしんるよりひろえる

This room looks larger than it does in photographs.

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An i-adjective changes to its adverbial form before the verb.

しゃしんでは、このとおりがとてもしずかにえる

In the photograph, this street looks very quiet.

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A na-adjective uses before the verb.

Stating whose impression it is

The observer is often understood from context. When the viewpoint matters, mark the observer with には. The item receiving the judgment remains the topic or subject.

わたしには、このじっさいよりふくざつえる

To me, this diagram looks more complicated than it really is.

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When the impression is a whole scene

Use a noun directly before える when assigning an apparent category. If the impression contains a whole clause describing a scene or event, use the clause followed by ようにえる instead.

まどこうでゆきっているようにえる

It looks as though it is snowing beyond the window.

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Here the apparent content is the whole clause about snow falling, so the comparison form is required.

More examples

ゆうがたひかりでは、しろかべうすいピンクいろえる

In the evening light, the white wall looks pale pink.

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このけいは、とおくからだとほんものいええる

From a distance, this model looks like a real house.

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このボタンはじっさいよりちいさくえます

This button looks smaller than it really is.

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そのみちるよりながえる

That road looks longer than it does on the map.

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たいうえでは、ちいさなはこおおきないわえた

Onstage, the small box looked like a large rock.

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あめは、もりがいつもよりくらえる

On rainy days, the forest looks darker than usual.

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に見える (nimieru) – Looks or appears