Kotomora
JLPT N4Construction
Furigana

なかWithin or among

なか places an action or judgment within a physical space, group, or other defined set. Depending on the noun, it often means “inside,” “within,” or “among.”

How the scope works

The noun before なか defines the boundaries of the statement. Those boundaries may be literal, such as a park or building, or they may be a set of people, things, choices, or experiences.

Physical spaces and groups

こうえんなかどもたちがサッカーをしています。

Children are playing soccer inside the park.

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けんきゅうチームのなか、そのあんさんせいしたひと二人ふたりだけでした。

Among the research team, only two people supported that plan.

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Making the scope the topic

このかいしゃなかではざいたくきんひろみとめられています。

Within this company, working from home is widely permitted.

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なかでは makes the company the frame for the comment and can imply a contrast with other companies.

Its role in a superlative

In the full superlative pattern, なか only names the group being compared. The meaning “most” comes from いちばん and the description that follows; なか does not mean “the most” by itself.

果物くだものなかももいちばんきです。

Of all fruits, I like peaches best.

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More examples

もりなかめずらしいとりました。

I saw a rare bird in the forest.

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こうしゃなかかいがいけいけんがあるのは二人ふたりです。

Among the candidates, two have experience abroad.

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えいなか、このめんとくいんしょうのこりました。

This scene particularly stayed with me from the film.

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このまちなかではてんしゃどうするひとおおいです。

In this town, many people get around by bicycle.

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日本にほんまつりのなかじっさいたことがあるものはふたつだけです。

Of Japan’s festivals, I have actually seen only two.

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ぞくなかではちちだけがからりょうべません。

In my family, my father is the only one who does not eat spicy food.

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の中で (nonakade) – Within or among