この・
この・その・あの select a specific person or thing according to physical distance or the conversation. どの asks which specific member of a group is meant; all four forms must be followed immediately by a noun.
Physical distance
The basic physical pattern has three positions: この for something near the speaker, その for something near the listener, and あの for something away from both. The noun tells the listener exactly what kind of item or person you are pointing out.
Asking which one
どの asks the listener to identify one member of a known or visible set. Put the noun for that set directly after it.
この三つのケーキの中で、どのケーキがいいですか。
Which cake would you like from these three?
AnalyzeReferring to conversation and memories
Literal distance is not the only guide. その often points back to a particular thing the other person has just introduced. あの can bring up a person, place, or event that both speakers remember.
昨日、新しい映画を見ました。
I watched a new movie yesterday.
Analyzeその映画は面白かったですか。
Was that movie interesting?
AnalyzeThe second speaker uses the form for something introduced by the first speaker.
Which one or what kind?
どの asks you to select a specific member of a set. どんな asks about characteristics or type, so its answer might describe color, size, style, or another quality.