Translation guide
In Japanese, referring to a Chinese person involves specific terms that vary by formality, context, and sometimes gender. The most common and neutral term is 中国人 (ちゅうごくじん). Other terms exist for formal, casual, or specific contexts.
The most common, neutral way to refer to a Chinese person in everyday conversation.
Standard, neutral term for a Chinese person. Can be used for any gender and in most contexts.
He is Chinese.
I have a Chinese friend.
Used in formal writing, news, or official contexts.
Used among friends or in very informal settings. Can be derogatory if used carelessly.
Loanword from English 'Chinese'. Used casually, sometimes in compound words like チャイニーズレストラン (Chinese restaurant). Can sound flippant or stereotypical when referring to a person.
Avoid using this to refer to a person unless you are very familiar with the context; it can be perceived as disrespectful.
That Chinese restaurant is good, isn't it?
When you need to specify the gender or age of the Chinese person.
Referring to ethnic Chinese people who may be from other countries.
Some slang terms for Chinese people exist in Japanese (e.g., チャンコロ) but are highly offensive. Never use them. Stick to 中国人 or polite forms.
In many contexts, especially when the person's nationality is already known, it's more natural to simply use their name or title rather than repeatedly saying 'Chinese person'.
A Chinese boy is playing in the park.
I became friends with a Chinese girl.
It's an area with many people of Chinese descent.