His Majesty the Emperor

In news headlines or when brevity is needed, 天皇 (Tennō) alone may be used, but it is less respectful than 天皇陛下. It is acceptable in objective reporting but should be avoided in direct address or when showing deference.

Using 天皇 alone can sound blunt or impersonal. In most contexts, 天皇陛下 is preferred.

To refer to past emperors, use their era name followed by 天皇 (Tennō). For example, Emperor Shōwa is 昭和天皇 (Shōwa Tennō). This is the standard way to refer to deceased emperors.