Translation guide
The Imjin War (1592–1598) was a major conflict in East Asia, primarily between Japan and the Joseon dynasty of Korea, with Ming China intervening. In Japanese, it is most commonly referred to as 文禄・慶長の役 (Bunroku-Keichō no Eki), using the era names of the time. This guide helps learners refer to the war naturally in Japanese, depending on context and perspective.
The Bunroku-Keichō War was a conflict in which Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea.
Refers specifically to the first invasion (1592–1596). Often used when discussing the early phase of the war.
During the Bunroku Campaign, the Japanese forces advanced as far as Hanseong (Seoul).
Refers specifically to the second invasion (1597–1598). Used when discussing the later phase.
In the Keichō Campaign, the Japanese forces were forced into a hard fight.
To refer to the war using the Korean or Chinese name, or the English term, when speaking from a non-Japanese viewpoint or in international contexts.
The Korean name for the war, meaning 'Japanese disturbance of the Imjin year'. Used in Japanese when citing Korean sources or emphasizing the Korean perspective.
In Korea, this war is called 'Imjin Waeran'.
The Chinese historical term, meaning 'Wanli Korean Campaign'. Rarely used in Japanese except in specialized historical contexts.
A direct transliteration of the English 'Imjin War'. Sometimes used in modern, international contexts, but not standard in Japanese historical discourse.
To mention the war briefly in conversation, often with an explanatory phrase.
文禄・慶長の役 is the standard Japanese term and is neutral in tone. 壬辰倭乱 is the Korean term and may carry a stronger sense of the war as a Japanese invasion. Use the former in general Japanese contexts, and the latter only when specifically referencing the Korean perspective or sources.
Japanese historical periods are often referred to by era names. 文禄・慶長の役 is a typical example. When discussing other historical events, look for similar era-based names.
In Chinese historical records, it is written as the 'Wanli Korean Campaign'.
The Imjin War had a major impact on international relations in East Asia.
Short for 'Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea'. Context-dependent; may need clarification if the subject is not clear.
During the invasion of Korea, many military commanders played active roles.