Translation guide
In Japanese, the term for an adopted child depends on the legal and social context, as well as the relationship between the adopter and adoptee. The most common and neutral term is 養子 (youshi), but other words are used in specific situations, such as adopting an adult for family continuity or referring to a foster child.
The standard term for a child who has been legally adopted into a family.
He was raised as an adopted child.
We are proceeding with the adoption procedures.
A polite way to refer to someone's adopted child, using the honorific さん. Suitable in respectful conversation.
I heard that person is an adopted child.
When the adopted child is a blood relative, such as a nephew or younger cousin, often adopted for inheritance purposes.
Still the standard term, but context (e.g., adopting a nephew to carry on the family name) makes the relationship clear.
He became his uncle's adopted child.
Specifically refers to adopting one's own nephew. This term is used in legal or traditional family contexts.
An adult adopted into a family, often to carry on the family name or business, common in traditional Japanese family structures.
Used for adult adoptees as well, though the context (e.g., adopting a son-in-law) makes the age clear.
He succeeded the company as an adopted son-in-law.
Specifically a man adopted as a daughter's husband to become the family heir. Common in family business succession.
A child placed in temporary care, not legally adopted. Distinguish from permanent adoption.
When referring to an adopted child in a modern, non-traditional family structure, the same terms apply but may require additional context.
The word 養子 itself is neutral regarding the parents' gender or marital status. Use it naturally, adding context if needed.
They (a female couple) adopted a child.
養子 (youshi) means adopted child, while 実子 (jisshi) means biological child. Using the wrong term can cause confusion in legal or personal contexts.
He is not an adopted child but a biological child.
In Japan, adult adoption is common for family business succession. When you hear 養子, it may refer to an adult, not a child. Context usually clarifies this.
They adopted a nephew to succeed the family.
They take an adopted son-in-law to continue the family line.
Learn about the long-term foster care system.