Translation guide
The English phrase "based on" is used to indicate the foundation, source, or evidence for something. In Japanese, it is expressed through various particles, compound particles, and verbs depending on whether you are citing a source, describing a basis, or adapting from something.
Expressing that a statement, decision, or conclusion is grounded in specific information, data, or testimony.
Used to cite a source of information, such as a person, report, or news. Often paired with hearsay expressions like そうだ or ということだ.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
Based on his story, the accident seems to have happened late at night.
Formal pattern meaning 'based on' or 'in accordance with'. Used for rules, data, plans, or established facts. Often in written or official contexts.
This movie was made based on a true story.
Please make a decision based on the data.
Indicates that something is created or developed using N as a base or material. Common for adaptations, recipes, or creative works.
This novel was written based on the author's experiences.
I'll introduce dishes based on tofu.
Used when making a judgment or inference based on observable evidence or circumstances.
Judging from his expression, the result wasn't good.
Stating the underlying principle, idea, or condition that something is built upon or operates under.
Noun-modifying form of に基づいて. Used to describe a system, policy, or concept that is based on something.
This is a decision based on the law.
Knowledge based on experience is important.
Formal expression meaning 'on the grounds of' or 'based on (evidence)'. Used in legal, academic, or argumentative contexts.
Indicates that something depends on or varies based on N. Often used for conditions or circumstances.
Success depends on (is based on) your effort.
Expressing that a new creation is derived from or inspired by an existing work, model, or prototype.
Casual and common way to say 'based on' when talking about designs, recipes, or plans that use something as a starting point.
This dress was designed based on traditional Japanese clothing.
I made curry based on yesterday's leftovers.
Means 'following the example of' or 'modeled after'. Used when imitating a precedent or established method.
Please handle it based on the precedent.
に基づいて emphasizes a logical or factual basis (rules, data). をもとに emphasizes using something as raw material or inspiration. For example, 法律に基づいて (based on the law) vs. 実話をもとにした映画 (a movie based on a true story).
Punish based on the rules.
This character is based on a real person.
While ベースにして is common, overusing it can sound like English-influenced Japanese. In formal writing, prefer に基づいて or をもとに.
He claimed innocence based on the evidence.