Translation guide
The English phrase "be established" can refer to the founding of an organization, the setting of a rule or precedent, or the proving of a fact. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for each meaning.
To say that a company, school, law, or system was created or came into existence.
Used for the establishment of organizations, companies, schools, etc. Emphasizes the act of founding.
この会社は1920年に設立されました。
This company was established in 1920.
Similar to 設立, but often used for schools, universities, or organizations with a focus on founding ideals.
この大学は1880年に創立されました。
This university was established in 1880.
A casual, everyday way to say something was created or came into being. Often used for systems, rules, or informal groups.
新しいルールができた。
A new rule was established.
Used when an organization or project is launched or inaugurated. Often implies the start of activities.
新政府が発足した。
A new government was established.
To say that a rule, custom, or reputation has been put in place and is now accepted.
Used for abstract things like rules, systems, reputations, or theories that are firmly established.
その理論はすでに確立されている。
That theory is already established.
Means to take root or become established as a custom or practice. Often used for new words, habits, or cultural elements.
その習慣は日本に定着した。
That custom became established in Japan.
A common verb meaning 'to be decided' or 'to be set'. Used for rules, dates, or plans.
ルールが決まった。
The rules have been established.
To say that something has been shown to be true or valid.
The standard word for 'be proven' or 'be demonstrated'. Used for facts, theories, or innocence.
彼の無実が証明された。
His innocence was established.
More formal, often used in legal or academic contexts to mean 'be proved' or 'be substantiated'.
その仮説は立証された。
The hypothesis was established.
The English passive 'be established' often corresponds to intransitive verbs or passive forms in Japanese. Using a direct translation like '設立されている' may sound unnatural if the context calls for a simple past event. Pay attention to whether the focus is on the action or the resulting state.