Translation guide
This entry covers how to express that something or someone is included in a group, list, set, or category. Japanese uses different verbs and patterns depending on whether the inclusion is active (being part of a group), passive (being contained or listed), or abstract (being counted among).
Expressing that someone or something is a member of a group, or is among a set of items.
The passive form of 含む (to include). It means 'is included' in the sense of being contained within a larger whole. Commonly used for items in a list, ingredients, or abstract things.
この値段には税金が含まれています。
Tax is included in this price.
料金に朝食は含まれていますか？
Is breakfast included in the fee?
Literally 'is in/inside'. Very common in everyday speech for physical inclusion, such as items in a box, ingredients in a dish, or people in a room.
このセットには電池が入っています。
Batteries are included in this set.
サラダにナッツが入っている。
There are nuts in the salad. (Nuts are included in the salad.)
Active verb meaning 'to include'. Used when the subject is the container or the whole. Often seen in written descriptions.
このツアーは空港送迎を含みます。
This tour includes airport transfers.
Pattern meaning 'is one of ~'. Used to say something is included as a member of a category or group.
これも彼の代表作の一つです。
This is also one of his representative works. (This is included among his representative works.)
Expressing that a name, item, or detail appears in a list, document, or record.
Means 'is listed' or 'appears' in a publication, list, or on a website. Very common for names in directories, articles in magazines, etc.
あなたの名前はリストに載っていますか？
Is your name on the list? (Is your name included in the list?)
この情報はパンフレットに載っていない。
This information is not included in the brochure.
Formal term meaning 'is stated/recorded'. Used in official documents, contracts, or reports.
契約書にその条件が記載されています。
The condition is included (stated) in the contract.
Expressing that someone or something is part of a total count or is considered as part of a group.
Means 'is counted among'. Used when someone or something is considered part of a prestigious group or category.
彼は世界のトッププレイヤーに数えられている。
He is counted among the world's top players. (He is included among the world's top players.)
Literally 'to enter', but can mean 'to be included' in a count or category, especially in casual contexts.
この金額には送料も入っていますか？
Is shipping included in this amount?
含まれる (fukumareru) is more abstract and formal, often used for non-physical inclusion like taxes, conditions, or abstract elements. 入っている (haitteiru) is concrete and casual, for physical items inside something. However, they can overlap in many contexts.
料金に税金が含まれている。
Tax is included in the fee. (abstract, formal)
箱に説明書が入っている。
The manual is included in the box. (physical, casual)
When saying a person is included in a group, avoid using 含む (fukumu) directly. Instead use patterns like 〜の一人だ (is one of) or メンバーだ (is a member). 含む is more for inanimate objects or abstract concepts.
昼食は含まれていますか？
Is lunch included?
あなたの名前はリストに載っていませんでした。
Your name was not included in the list.
サービス料が含まれています。
Service charge is included.