Translation guide
How to express that something is officially given out, published, or distributed, such as documents, licenses, statements, or equipment.
To say that an official document, license, certificate, or similar item is formally given to a person or entity.
The most common and neutral way to say that a document, ticket, certificate, etc. is issued. Used for both physical and digital items.
パスポートは申請から2週間で発行されます。
Passports are issued within two weeks of application.
新しいクレジットカードが発行された。
A new credit card was issued.
Often used for official documents, licenses, or certificates that are granted or delivered to an individual. Slightly more formal than 発行される.
運転免許証が交付された。
A driver's license was issued.
Specifically used for visas, passports, and other documents issued by a government authority. More technical.
ビザが発給されました。
The visa was issued.
To say that an official statement, warning, order, or announcement is released by an authority.
A versatile verb meaning 'to be put out' or 'to be issued'. Used for statements, orders, warnings, etc.
政府から声明が出された。
A statement was issued by the government.
避難命令が出されました。
An evacuation order was issued.
Focuses on the act of announcing or making something public. Often used for official announcements, results, or plans.
新しいガイドラインが発表された。
New guidelines were issued.
Specifically used for official orders, declarations, or alerts, such as emergency warnings or mobilization orders.
緊急事態宣言が発令された。
A state of emergency was declared (issued).
To say that equipment, supplies, or items are officially provided or distributed to someone.
Used when items are supplied or issued to individuals, often by an organization. Common for uniforms, tools, or rations.
社員には制服が支給されます。
Uniforms are issued to employees.
新しいパソコンが支給された。
New computers were issued.
Means 'to be distributed'. Used when items are handed out to a group, such as materials at an event or emergency supplies.
会議で資料が配布された。
Documents were issued (distributed) at the meeting.
To say that financial instruments or tickets are issued.
The standard term for issuing stocks, bonds, tickets, etc.
新株が発行された。
New shares were issued.
コンサートのチケットは来月発行されます。
Concert tickets will be issued next month.
To say that a book, magazine, or other publication is released or published.
Used for the publication of books, magazines, newspapers, etc.
その雑誌は毎月発行されています。
The magazine is issued monthly.
Specifically refers to the publication of books or periodicals. Slightly more literary.
新しい論文集が刊行された。
A new collection of papers was issued.
発行 (hakkō) is the most general term for issuing documents, tickets, or publications. 交付 (kōfu) emphasizes the act of granting or delivering an official document to a person, often used for licenses and certificates. 発給 (hakkyū) is specifically for government-issued documents like visas and passports.
English 'be issued' often corresponds to passive forms in Japanese, but the choice of verb depends heavily on what is being issued. Using the wrong verb can sound unnatural. For example, 出される (dasareru) is natural for statements and orders, but not for certificates.