Translation guide
How to express that something is officially given out, published, or distributed, such as documents, licenses, statements, or equipment.
To say that an official document, license, certificate, or similar item is formally given to a person or entity.
The most common and neutral way to say that a document, ticket, certificate, etc. is issued. Used for both physical and digital items.
Passports are issued within two weeks of application.
A new credit card was issued.
Often used for official documents, licenses, or certificates that are granted or delivered to an individual. Slightly more formal than 発行される.
A driver's license was issued.
Specifically used for visas, passports, and other documents issued by a government authority. More technical.
The visa was issued.
To say that an official statement, warning, order, or announcement is released by an authority.
A versatile verb meaning 'to be put out' or 'to be issued'. Used for statements, orders, warnings, etc.
A statement was issued by the government.
An evacuation order was issued.
Focuses on the act of announcing or making something public. Often used for official announcements, results, or plans.
New guidelines were issued.
Specifically used for official orders, declarations, or alerts, such as emergency warnings or mobilization orders.
A state of emergency was declared (issued).
To say that equipment, supplies, or items are officially provided or distributed to someone.
Used when items are supplied or issued to individuals, often by an organization. Common for uniforms, tools, or rations.
Uniforms are issued to employees.
New computers were issued.
Means 'to be distributed'. Used when items are handed out to a group, such as materials at an event or emergency supplies.
Documents were issued (distributed) at the meeting.
To say that financial instruments or tickets are issued.
The standard term for issuing stocks, bonds, tickets, etc.
New shares were issued.
Concert tickets will be issued next month.
To say that a book, magazine, or other publication is released or published.
発行 (hakkō) is the most general term for issuing documents, tickets, or publications. 交付 (kōfu) emphasizes the act of granting or delivering an official document to a person, often used for licenses and certificates. 発給 (hakkyū) is specifically for government-issued documents like visas and passports.
English 'be issued' often corresponds to passive forms in Japanese, but the choice of verb depends heavily on what is being issued. Using the wrong verb can sound unnatural. For example, 出される (dasareru) is natural for statements and orders, but not for certificates.